Our understanding of osteoarthritis (OA) has developed significantly over the last
two decades. While the disease has traditionally been thought of as ‘degenerative’
or the result of ‘wear and tear’, we now understand that OA has a significant inflammatory
component and should be thought of in terms of how it affects individuals as a whole,
rather than solely its joint-specific impact. It is now clear that OA has a multifactorial
etiology, resulting from an interplay between person-level (e.g., old age, female
sex, obesity) and joint-level (e.g., repetitive use, muscle weakness) factors
1
. All joint tissues may be involved
2
, ultimately leading to changes in tissue architecture, metabolism, and function,
and ultimately to joint failure
3
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: November 30, 2021
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© 2021 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.